Thomas Morus De optimo rei publicae statu deque nova insula Utopia Thomas Morus Utopia
Biography of Thomas Morus
Thomas Morus was born in London. He lived from 1478-1535.
The father of Thomas Morus was a judge.
In his childhood Thomas Morus was very impressive, Thomas Morus was a magical child, because at the age of 18 he was famous all over the world in the field of literature in connection with his writings on classical times.
Thomas Morus later served as an eminent lawyer, and as a result, Thomas Morus became close to King Henry VIII.
But because of something, that is because Thomas Morus did not want to agree and did not want to give his help in the case of the king's divorce with his queen.
Thomas Morus was imprisoned in the Tower, and later sentenced to death in 1535.
If the thought of the state and law of the renaissance was expressed by an Italian scholar named Niccolo Machiavelli, then in England in 1516 a few years after the publication of the book "II Principe" by Nicolo Machiavelli, Thomas Morus published a book of his, which was not there is a connection with the problem of thinking about the state and the law, because the book is a state romance, namely "De optimo rei publicae statu deque nova insula Utopia".
The book De optimo rei publicae statu deque nova insula Utopia contains about the best form of government and about an unknown island, which is called a country of uncertainty, or briefly called Utopia.
Because of his writing that is the name of Thomas Morus famous all over the world and even his name can be immortalized in the history of thinking about the state and the law.
Although Thomas Morus' book Utopia is a state novel, but, as with other state novels, it contains something strange.
That is, that people only by disguising a story that is artificial and only a mere illusion, has described clearly and clearly and boldly a perfect arrangement of society, and in it already contains or summed up, a sharp critique and bad opinion of the existing country.
And the essence of it lies in the fact that the particular traits and ways of life that he imagines, in the imaginary state of Utopia, remain only mere fantasies or dreams.
If not, then the books written by Plato, as well as Aristotle will also be included in the categories of nationalism.
Utopia Thomas Morus
The book Utopia by Thomas Morus is divided into two parts.
The first book did not describe the model country in question, but only described the circumstances that led to and inspired Thomas Morus to create his model country.
It is a situation where the people experience pressures from both the king and the nobles, which causes the suffering of the people, especially in the economic field.
Thus crime is rampant, and morals are declining.
While the unemployed kings and nobles lived in luxury and extravagance, while the people who worked hard day and night their life was no better than a cart pulling a cart.
So thus what is called justice does not exist at all.
That was the situation in England at the time.
Until the question of faith or religion there is no freedom at all.
The second book describes the model country dreamed of by Thomas Morus.
That his situation was in another Utopia.
A conqueror, Utopis, has made his barbaric natives into a natie or nation.
Then came 54 beautiful cities.
The center is the city of Amaurotum, is an agricultural country and the location of Amaurotum is very similar to the location of the city of London.
The population is divided into agricultural families consisting of 40 people each, above such a family there is a philarch, while above 10 philarch, so above 300 families, there is a protophilarch.
The philarch chose the king; and a senate making laws.
Everyone is obliged to work but only for six hours a day, while people can sleep for eight hours a day.
Only those who study science are exempt from that obligation.
Mealtimes are held together, although this is not mandatory.
Similarly, the rules for the care of the sick.
Strange opinions from the Utopians about gold, silver, and mutumanikam.
The latter are children's toys, while the first is worn for the shackles of children.
Teaching is well organized, but scholastics and dialectics are not taught, astronomy exists.
Their philosophy is the philosophy of Epicurus because they also pursue happiness, and enjoyment.
They promote health and beauty, the number of laws is very small, lawyers are not needed.
Divorce is allowed, but this is very rare.
They like to be open-minded in the religious field.
Each city is different in terms of its religious ceremonies.
This shows the freedom to embrace religion.
The matter of death is not thought of, in fact this is the thing to hope for, because death means for them to move on to a better life.
Furthermore people do not have to be afraid of lack of livelihood and lack of food.
That is the picture of the model country in the Thomas Morus Utopia. None other than the sharp criticism of injustice in Britain at the time, of the feudals, the nobility, and especially secretly was a lawsuit against the wishes of the Tudor royal family who at that time ruled in England to achieve absolute power in the constitutional field.
Thomas Morus himself inwardly objected to his Utopi, because a society, where living conditions and property were communistly organized, and without money, would kill all sense of gens, beauty and glory, the things that mattered in life. country.
But because of circumstances, Thomas Morus was forced to do so and shut his mouth tightly.
